Araby by James Joyce

In the story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce the use of darkness and blindness is symbolic. It is a symbol of insight in Araby (Araby 1). He described the residence of the boy as blind: â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind†¦An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end† (James 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Araby by James Joyce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This symbolizes the blindness of the area of residence and the house in which he lives. The narrator was sometimes playing with his friends till late in the evening. During one such plays, she got the attention of a girl, Mangan’s sister who was his age mate. The young boys gave attention to the girl. The narrator however was caught by her thoughts and always found himself thinking about her. He said, â€Å"Every morning I lay on the floor in the front palour watching her door† (James 1). The narrator was b linded by the beauty of Mangan’s sister. He always had her image in his mind. In the busy areas such as the market her name came out into his mouth that he even said prayers which he could not understand. Love was a mystery to this boy. For many times he had many chances to talk to the girl, but never did he express his love to her. The narrator is new to the love of a girl and does not know how to handle her. The boy was blinded by the beauty of this girl such that he could not see other important things. He could imagine the girls company as he walked to the shop with his aunt. This was a symbol of mixed symbolism of the Christian and the romantic or Oriental myths (Donschikowski 7): â€Å"Her image accompanied me even in places most hostile to romance† (James 1). He got confused when the girl asked him if he would go to Araby. The narrator gave up religion and only had the girl as an object of worship. The narrator after hearing that the girl would not be going to t he bazaar, promised to bring her something so that he could get another chance to interact with her.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Academics later became tedious and he lost concentration: â€Å"At night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read† (James 1). Blindness is significant in this case. The boy was not able to see even what was written on the book he was reading but only saw the girl’s image wherever he went. The boy was also blind to himself. He said that the girls name sprang to his lips at moments in strange prayers which he could not understand. He was shy and still boyish. He followed the girl of his first love, walked silently past and not making an attempt to reveal his feelings to her. He had perhaps read many romantic novels and his expression seem to be from them. For example, he sai d, â€Å"But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running out the wires† (James 1). The boy goes to an extent of denying his eyes to see what he was able to see by lowering the blind at the window so that he could not be seen by people (Araby 1). The story has many dark sites. To start with, the narrator and his friends played in the dark muddy lanes behind the houses: â€Å"†¦to the back doors of the dark dripping gardens where odours arose from the ash pits, to the dark odorous stables† (James 1). This was significant in that it predicts a dull outcome of the story. The many episodes of darkness focus on the last part of the story: â€Å"Gazing up in the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (James 1). The uncle and the aunt were not aware of the boy’s anguish as he felt isolated from love and what others termed as romance. The girl’s blind ness to the boy’s love brought more disappointment to this boy. More blindness is seen because the boy did not understand his nature of love. The boy’s late arrival at the bazaar brought the end the love he had for Mangan’s sister. The hall was closing in darkness and he related the silence in that hall to the one which he experienced in church after the service. He did not like the scene: â€Å"The lady was bored with him and interested in two men who were flirting with her, cheapens and destroys the sense of an â€Å"Eastern enchantment† (Donschikowski 7).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Araby by James Joyce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His love for the girl was vanishing after realizing that his love for her was only in the mind. The reality came true at the end in the bazaar. The boy finally realized that he had to be realistic so as to achieve his dreams. Works Cited Araby, Joyce. Lack of insight in Araby. Help, 2011. Web. https://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=6789 Donschikowski. Literary Analysis Using James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby,† A thematic Approach. Thetalon, 2006. Web. James, Joyce. (2011). Araby. Fiction Eserver, 2011. Web. This essay on Araby by James Joyce was written and submitted by user Grant Snyder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Malcolm Baldrige

Malcolm Baldrige Malcolm Baldrige was a native of Nebraska. He did not come from a poor family but he was born and raised in Omaha. It means that he grew up far away from the major urban centers of the United States and yet he became the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. However, being a part of the Reagan cabinet was not the most important achievement of his life. His legacy also includes the Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award (â€Å"MBQA†), a prize named in his honor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Malcolm Baldrige specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The MBQA is considered the most prestigious award-giving body when it comes to excellence in the marketplace. The fact that it was named in honor of Malcolm Baldrige is not only a testament to his character but also to his passion to see an America that is great once again and maintain its status as an economic powerhouse. The following is an overview of Malcolm Baldrige life in Omaha, his stint in the U.S. Army, and then his contributions to the world of business and politics. From Omaha to Washington, D.C. Malcolm Baldrige was born in Omaha, Nebraska on October 4, 1922 (Sobel, p.16). It is important to understand his personal background to appreciate his success story. He grew up far-away from the commercial noise of New York and the intense political dealings that characterized Washington, D.C. It was in the slow-paced lifestyle of Omaha wherein Malcolm developed the leadership qualities that would serve him well in World War II and beyond. He was the son of a lawyer named Howard Malcolm Baldgridge and Regina Conell Baldrige. On March 31, 1951 he married Margaret Trowbridge Murray. She bore him two daughters named Megan Brewster and Mary Trowbridge. But before all that, Malcolm decided to finish his studies first. He prepared for college studying at Hotchkiss School in Connecticut. Afterwards he graduated from Yale University in 1944 with a degree in B.A. in Englis h. However, before he graduated he had to take time-off from college because he volunteered to go join the U.S. Army in 1943 and as a private he was sent to the Pacific theater of war (Sobel, p.16). When he finally gave up his army life in favor of civilian life 1946, he was honorably discharged with the rank of captain. In 1947 he entered the corporate world and started near the bottom. He joned the Eastern Malleable Iron Company in Naugatuck, Connecticut and his first job was to be the foundry foreman in the said company. But a little over four years later, he became the managing director of the Frazer and Jones division of the company. In 1957, ten years after joining Eastern Malleable Iron Company, Malcolm was the newly appointed executive vice president. Three years later he would assume the position of president. He did not get to enjoy the top leadership position for a very long time because in 1962 he was recruited to work at Scovill Manufacturing Company in Waterbury, Conne cticut . He became their new executive vice-president. A year later he was promoted once again and became the CEO of the said company.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1969 he became the Chairman of the Board. He turned the company around. In the ten years time that he worked at Scovill, he was able to quadruple the companys earnings by successfully creating an international market for this brass-manufacturing firm (Levy, p.30). Malcolm Baldriges reputation as an excellent leader was evident to everyone who knew him and the offers began to come in. While he was still Chairman of the Board at Scovill, Malcolm also held directorships in the following organizations: AMF, Inc.; White Plains, N.Y.; Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hartford; Bendix Corporation; IBM, Inc.; Eastern Company; and Uniroyal Inc. (Sobel, p.16). He was also a trustee for the Swiss reinsuranc e Company and member of the Business Council and the Council on Foreign relations. He did not always work for profit though, in 1968 he was the chairman and director of the Red Cross fund drive and he was also the trustee of the Waterbury Hospital and even found a way to help establish the Waterbury Non-Profit Development Corporation, an organization responsible for â€Å"promoting low-income housing and developing employment and recreational facilities for blacks† (Sobel, p.16). He was not only good at running profitable companies he was also interested in politics. It can be argued that Baldrige always wanted to be business and politics at the same time. His father was not only a lawyer but also served in the Nebraska state legislature. His father also served as a Congressman from 1930 to 1932 (Levy, p.30). When Malcolm Baldrige was in his early forties he started to become active in the Republican Party and from 1964 to 1980 he served as a delegate to the Republican conven tion. He began to get noticed in the Republican circle and so at one point he â€Å"headed President Richard Nixons Connecticut campaign in 1968 and George Bushs unsuccessful campaign in 1980† (Levy, p.31). He may have suffered a setback with George Bushs campaign but he was able to bounce back when he raised funds for the Ronald Reagan campaign (Levy, p.31). After Reagan took the White House the new president remembered the people who helped him get elected as president. One month after Reagan assumed the presidency in 1981, he chose Baldrige to become the 26th secretary of Commerce of the United States of America and he also easily won the confirmation for the said cabinet post (Levy, p.31). When he was the secretary of commerce he â€Å"advocated free trade and deregulation† and he also understood the need for America to maintain superiority when it comes to excellence in producing products and services (Levy, p.31). He sat on the Council on Commerce and Trade, Coun cil on Economic Affairs as well as the Council on Natural Resources (Sobel, p.17). He succeeded in convincing Japan to accept â€Å"voluntary restraints on its exports† because he saw that the aggressive Japanese businesses were hurting the U.S. economy (Sobel, p.17). Later on his passion to improve the the level of competence of business leaders and their organizations was the main reason why his name is well-remembered even to this day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Malcolm Baldrige specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aside from his business and political dealings, Baldrige was also interested in a host of different things and one of which is the rodeo. In his private life, away from the spotlight, Baldrige was a professional steer roper. On July 25, 1987 while practicing for a rodeo competition, in Walnut Creek, California, he fell from a horse and died a tragic death (Sobel, p.17). But this was not the end of his story. Legacy In the mid-1980s it was apparent to many U.S. leaders that American companies were no longer at par with their foreign counterparts in the international market. One of them was Malcolm Baldrige and when he was the Secretary of Commerce he was the â€Å"advocate of quality management as a key to U.S. prosperity and sustainability† (Spechler, p.1). Less than a month after his death â€Å"the U.S. Congress passed Public Law 100-107, the National Quality Improvement Act, which established the Malcolm Baldgridge Quality Award (MBQA) for quality achievements in American manufacturing and services† (Milakovich, p.112). The main purpose of this law is to encourage American businesses, educational institutions and health care organizations to aim for excellence in the creation of goods and in the provision of services. Behind this need for an award is the growing alarm that foreign competition was slowly overtaking the United States. The quality of foreign imports is slowly eclipsing American products. The award was an incentive to push US companies to increase their capability to become a global leader in their chosen industry by improving their manufacturing systems and quality control (Sallis, p.54). It easily became a much-coveted prize in the business world. The former President Ronald Reagan was the first to hand out the award in 1988 (Milakovich, p. 112). In the first decade here the following were a few of the winners: Motorola, 1988 (Large manufacturing); Cadillac, 1990 (Large manufacturing); Texas Instruments, 1992 (Large manufacturing); ATT, 1994 (Service); Wainwright Industries, Inc., 1994 (Small business). These are trusted brands. The products and services that these companies offer are well-known and well-respected in their respective industries. The MBQA is a measuring rod that organizations and business leaders can use to gauge their performance. The MBQA is govern by strict standards. There was a year, for instance, when the no one from the manufacturing sector won the award. This was explained by one commentator who wrote, â€Å"The Malcolm Baldrige Award is the highest honor any business can receive, and after 18 years has remained very difficult to win. As the criteria have changed over the years, the Baldrige has become an award for overall effectiveness of an organization, as opposed to an organization that simply has high quality products/services† (Brown, p. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also added that aside from a high-quality product and excellent service the MBQA examiners take a closer look at the quality of the business leaders, strategic planning; customer and market focus; human resources focus; process management; and results. It is difficult to win this award. An organization must be able to take a long hard look at their current system and them improve in accordance to the standards of the MBQA. This is a good thing because they will be able to gauge where they are at and can further develop their capabilities. If not for the MBQA then the quality of products and services in the United States will continue to decline because there is no incentive that can encourage businessmen to go on to the next level. Conclusion Malcolm Baldrige demonstrated his passion for excellent service. It all started when he was a student, soldier and employee. His character and leadership skills became evident early on and so he was promoted several times until he became the CEO and then Chairman of the Board for a large corporation. He could have easily rested on his laurels. However, he went on to test the political waters. He was successful as a member of the Republican Party until finally he became the 26th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. It was a tremendous achievement for him but it was not after his tragic death in 1987 that his name was immortalized in the business world. The Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award is a symbol of excellence and it was just fitting that it was named after a man of noble character and great work ethic. Brown, Mark. Baldrige Award Winning Quality: How to Interpret the baldrige  Critieria for Performance Excellence. 5th ed. New York: Productivity Press, 2006. Levy, Peter. Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. Milakovich, Michael. Improving Service Quality: Achieving High Performance  in the Public and Private Sectors. Florida: CRC Press, 1995. Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management i n Education. 3rd ed.Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing Inc., 2002. Sobel, Robert. Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch,  1774-1989. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990. Spechler, Jay. Managing Quality in Americas Most Admired Companies. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 1993.

Syphilis-treponema pallidum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Syphilis-treponema pallidum - Essay Example Chancre stage is followed by systemic secondary phase with fever and rash on palms and soles. The secondary stage is followed by the tertiary stage or the latent period which is for indefinite time, however, tertiary stage may/ may not occur. The article also states about the last stage of syphilis infection- neurosyphilis where the causal organisms attacks the central nervous system and demolishes fiber tract. This results in progression of dementia, blindness and partial motor paralysis. The article mentioned the pyrotherapy treatment introduced by Warner-Jauregg. To cure syphilis the individuals were treated with the blood sample of malaria patient which contains parasite Plasmodium. Plasmodium is known to increase the body temperature, the spirochete Treponema pallidum cannot survive the temperature above 41 degree Celsius as a result the causal organism of syphilis gets destroyed and individuals return to their normal lives. However, the success ratio for such treatment is very less. The article highlights the auspicious discovery made by Alexander Fleming of penicillin during World War II as the medication for various bacterial diseases. The discovery of antibiotic penicillin revolutionized the world of diseases caused by bacterial strains. Antibiotics have given a new paradigm drift in the field of medicine. The article did not mention anything about the vaccine for syphilis. However, it discussed about the pyrotherapy to overcome the condition of syphilis. Later, the article discusses about the discovery of antibiotic which acts as a key to combat disease causing bacterial strains. The article did not specify the age to witness the condition of syphilis. The causal organisms of syphilis, Treponema pallidum is sexually transmitted, the sexually active individuals are likely to witness the causal organism. One reason that the article specified for 50 percent of the patients returned to normalcy and continued with their normal life is

England. World Civilization Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

England. World Civilization Class - Essay Example Children suffered as the societies lived in very deplorable conditions. Formal settlements were rare as many people engaged in farming and could not maintain very descent and clean surrounding as it is possible today. There was poor planning of settlements, poor road infrastructure, poor sanitation, and poor and dangerous working conditions. Generally, civilization of the world passed through difficult moments and this is clearly evident through learning history of England. Modern History Sourcebook: Friederich Engels: Industrial Manchester, 1844 This article is the work of Paul Halsal who made reference to work of Friendrich Engels to communicate the realities and experiences of industrial revolution and world civilization. The article appears to target residents of Manchester City in London and Europeans in general and intends to inform them about the need to protect and preserve their surroundings. The story of Friederich Engels indicates that the condition of the city was notorio us and very unfit for human survival1. The city characterized with poor settlement planning that left very narrow paths that two people could not pass through at the same time. 2The story of Friedrich describe how some could easy miss the right direction and instead make countless rounds within the courts before finding the right way, â€Å"He who turns to the left here from the main street, Long Millgate, is lost; he wanders from one court to another.†3 The article uncovers the true reality of health risks that the inhabitants of Manchester were vulnerable to. The article sadly describes the nature of the open pit dumpsites and contaminated, smelly and dirty rivers that made it hard for any visitor to the region have easy breath of air. From the general description of the ancient Manchester city, this article seems to pass very crucial information concerning the need to preserve the environment considering the efforts and time it took to make Manchester city what it is today . In so doing, the article appears to persuade and convince the audience who are particularly resident of Manchester city to work hard to protect serenity of the city. Unlike today that it is easy and enjoyable to live in Manchester city, it was initially very difficult and problematic to live in the city. The move by Halsal to select this article with such mysterious reality about the past of Manchester City seems to be one to persuade residents of the city and Europe in general to work hard and value the kind of infrastructure they currently enjoy4. The article gives the audience substantial reason to fight towards protection of the environment and appreciate the work and struggle of their forefathers who seemingly worked hard to change the condition. The article also appears to discredit widespread believe that European countries and England in particular never succumbed or experienced poverty. As demonstrated by Friedrich in his article, situating in England and Manchester in pa rticular that was by then the richest city of the country had very bad road infrastructure that were generally impassable. Housing facilities were unbearable and environment was very unhealthy and unfit for human survival. Modern History Sourcebook: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits The author of the article develops his communication about the past by referring to the Parliamentary papers of 1842 Great Britain Parliament. This article describes a very sad but truth situation about the history of world’s civilization. The article concentrates and appears to be very compassionate about the suffering of women and children in the coalmines in England. 5It was through the suffering that the members of the society could earn living and place food on their

Child Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child Abuse - Research Paper Example Children are a blessing from God and deserve love just like anyone else. However, in the recent past many researches have indicated that several children are being abused. This should come as a bad news especially in this 21st Century where the youth form a large percentage of the population. According to some researchers like Besharov et al (2001), there are many cases which go unreported, uninterrupted or misreported. According to stop it now (www.stopitnow.org) a world organization that prevents child abuse, reports that a third of girls and nearly 1 in seven boys experiences sexual abuse while statistics suggest from research suggest that only 12% to 30% of the cases are reported. Families mostly deny child abuse within their homes. In one of the cases reported in stop it now, one woman had been sexually abused by his brother but she kept quiet for fear of being killed, after sensing that her niece will fall in the same trap she finally reported the matter to their family but the family did not believe her and so nobody took action on that case. Most powerful people go unreported if they are found abusing children because people find it hard to talk bad things about them. Since nearly all states passed the mandatory laws requiring any suspected child abuse to be repor ted, child abuse cases has been on the rise. This result in many cases being reported which are baseless (Besharov et al., 2001). Melissa (2009), says that child abuse can be considered to be any act that causes physical body injury, psychological or emotional torture. These acts causes suffering to the child and sometimes may be harmful enough and eventually may lead to death or permanent damage of victims.

The Behaviour Of A Supralittoral Gastropod Biology Essay

The Behaviour Of A Supralittoral Gastropod Biology Essay The species chosen for this experiment (or rather set of experiments) is Melarhaphe neritoides. This is a very common (small) species of snail found distributed along the rocky Maltese shores. It is listed in the Phylum Mollusca (Class Gastropoda) and grows to about just under 1cm. Its sides are flat (unlike the more common rounded shell found amongst molluscs) and has a high pointed spire. An operculum covers an oval aperture and a white periostracum leads to the dark blue/black shell. Its niche is located in a very specific stretch on the shore labelled the supralittoral zone. This is that area located just above the high tide mark. It is not submerged but is frequently splashed by sea spray when it is windy/stormy (in fact it is also known as the splash or spray zone). It is an unforgiving environment and organisms living here must be very well adapted to its instability. The Melarhaphe neritoides snail must be able to withstand; high temperatures, freshwater, salt and brine water , desiccation and exposure to air and of course any shore line animals which might prey upon the snail. In the summer months, the sea round the Maltese islands is very calm and the snails environment is rarely wetted. Also the snail lives in direct contact with the hard rocky surface which reaches high temperatures up to 50 degrees easily (which for most organisms this would be lethal). On the other hand during the winter months, storms are frequent and wave action is very violent on the supralittoral zone. Not only this but when there are no waves, pools of fresh water may form in these rocky patches which for most creatures adapted to a salty (high water potential) environment will cause osmotic problems. As opposed to the summer months, the temperature of the rocks in winter falls drastically some times even below freezing point. In fact as the mollusc is very well adapted to this environment, it is the dominant macro-faunal organism found there. To accommodate such drastic chang es in its environment, Melarhaphe neritoides has many behavioural adaptations. Such adaptations include; becoming inactive, taking refuge in pits/rocky overhangs, aggregating in groups and becoming active only when conditions are suitable. To be able to accurately avoid the harshness of the environment, the mollusc must have some kind of sense as to when to actually begin aestivation periods or when to come out of them, which spot is suitable (offers enough protection) to take refuge in etc. It is these behavioural adaptations that this experiment investigates. A set of different habitats and conditions are prepared and a number of snails tested to see their reaction and preference. Such an experiment must be conducted as accurately as possible as there are many factors which induce errors. In fact the test subjects where freshly caught and a number (10) of individuals were tested with each method to ensure usable and explainable data. Also the individuals tested where seen to be ab out 0.7mm in height. This is the height of juveniles not too young or too old as it is in this part of its life time in which an animal is most probably going to respond as expected in individuals seen in the wild (as old or young specimens may be less active or inhabit different regions of the environment). Procedure: Apparatus Petri dishes Graph paper Plastic aquariums Ruler Timer Acrylic plates (drilled) Measuring cylinder Black bags Glass Rod Gravel Fine Sand Coarse Sand Circular glass trough Materials Calcium Chloride Sea Water Distilled water Vaseline grease Blu-Tack Method Experiment.1 A plastic Petri-dish was partitioned by means of thin plastic into 3 separate parts. One part filled with fine sand, another with coarse sand and the other with gravel. Ten inactive snails were scattered across on these 3 different sabstrates and any movement made noted every 1,2,6,24,36 hrs. Experiment.2 Two identical Petri dishes had their bottom ruled to form a 44 grid at 1 cm intervals. One snail was placed on each grid line intersection. One dish contained a container full of Calcium chloride, whilst the other housed distilled water. Both dishes were sealed and observed over a period of 3 days. A plastic Petri-dish was floated over a pool of water in a circular glass trough. Ten inactive snails were placed in the Petri-dish which was left opened, but the glass trough was covered. After one hour, the cover was removed just enough to get the snails out. These were tapped gently with a glass rod a few times and put back in the trough. The number of active snails after the treatment was noted. Experiment.3 Two identical Petri dishes as in exp.2 (with a 44 grid) were prepared with one inactive snail per intersection. One dish is filled up to about 1mm with sea water, whilst the other one was left dry. Both dishes were sealed with Vaseline grease and observed over a period of one hour. This procedure was repeated only using fresh water instead of sea water. Snails which had been left in dry air for one hour were tapped sharply on the shell and immediately placed in 1cm of sea water. The time taken for the first noticeable movement of the snails operculum was noted. Experiment.4 Two identical measuring cylinders were filled with sea water one to a depth of 5cm and the other to a depth of 20cm. Individual inactive snails were placed in each cylinder, and the time taken for the snail to move 5 cm up the wall in each container was noted. Experiment.5 Two identical measuring cylinders are filled to a depth of 3cm with seawater. Each cylinder was marked at 3 cm intervals starting from the water surface. One cylinder was stoppered tightly whilst the other was left open. The movement of each snail up the cylinder was noted with time. Experiment.6 Two identical plastic aquaria are filled to a depth of 1.5cm with sea water. Regular plastic plates that were drilled with a pattern of regular holes were attached to the walls of one of the aquaria. The aquaria were marked off at 3cm intervals starting from the water surface. Ten inactive snails were placed in each aquarium and covered with a lid. After 3 hours the number of snails at each level was noted. The procedure above was then repeated but instead of the walls, the drilled plate was placed at the bottom of the aquarium. The number of individuals remaining submerged was counted at intervals of 1,2,6,24,36†¦ hours. Experiment.7 The procedure of experiment 5 was repeated only this time both the cylinders were tightly stoppered and with 10 snails in each one. One of the cylinders is placed in an opaque black bag whilst the other one is left in the light. The number of snails at each level for both cylinders at intervals of 1,3,6 and 24 hours was recorded. Precautions Snails that were used for an experiment were not reused but placed separately in a container to note that they have already undergone some treatment. This was done so as not have active snails from a previous experiment ruin the results of the next experiment. The snails were all freshly caught (not more than 2 days) so as to have an accurate result as possible. In most experiments a good number of individuals were used (like 10) and others were possible were replicated. Enough time was left to elapse for results to be collected as the stimuli that activate the snails may be over a long period of time. Snails used were chosen to be of similar size (0.7cm shell height) and handled very gently. Errors Handling of snails from capture site to lab and from tray to the experiment may have activated the snails prior to the actual experiment taking place. Most experiments could have been done only once to the long waiting time, and with a relatively small number of individuals (ten snails may not yield a representative result). The experiment tried to replicate the conditions that the snail would be in the wild. This can never be fully achieved and so the experiment its self is not so accurate. Movement of apparatus or activity on the bench could have changed snail position in other experiments or activating them due to the vibration not to the variable tested. The snails themselves may have moved other snails in experiment 2 and 3 giving errored results. Results Experiment 1 Time / hr Fine sand Gravel Rough sand 0 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 6 3 4 3 24 2 5 3 36 2 5 3 48 1 5 4 No snails were noted to have accumulated on the smooth plastic surface of the Petri-dish. Experiment 2 Part 2A: Time/hr RH=0% RH=100% 0 0 0 6 1 2 30 1 2 54 1 3 Part 2B: Snails active: Before tapping After tapping 0 2 Experiment 3: Part 3A: Time/hr Number of snails moved 0 0 1 5 6 12 24 14 32 15 48 16 56 16 Part 3B Time for first discernible movement of operculum after left in: Dry conditions Dry conditions followed by tapping Immersed in seawater 1 40 8 2 2 14 8 3 3 29 20 4 4 33 16 40 5 28 9 20 6 19 7 53 7 8 38 62 8 11 45 1 9 21 14 13 10 12 10 50 Part 3C Time/hr Number of snails moved 0 0 1 0 6 0 24 0 32 0 48 0 56 1 Experiment 4: Replicate 5cm water 20 cm water 1 2340s 4140s(69 mins) 2 2400s 86400s (1day) 3 9000s >2 day 4 9900s >2 day 5 86400s >2 day 6 >2 day >2 day 7 >2 day >2 day 8 >2 day >2 day 9 >2 day >2 day 10 >2 day >2 day Experiment 5: A total of 2 snails were placed in each measuring cylinder. The numbers in the table show the number of snails recorded at each level marked. Closed Open Time/hr 1 2 6 24 32 48 56 1 2 6 24 32 48 56 0-3cm 2 2 2 2 2 2   2 2 2 1 1 0 0   0 3-6cm 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 6-9cm 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 1 1 0   1 9-12cm 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 12-15cm 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1   1 15-18cm 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 18-21cm 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 21-24cm 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 24-27cm 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 27-30cm (top) 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Experiment 6 Part 6A After 3 hours: At the bottom of the tank (smooth) In crevices On smooth wall Submerged in seawater 8 0 1 0-3cm above water 0 0 1 3-6cm above water 0 0 0 Part 6B: Time/hr 1 2 6 24 32 48 56 submerged In crevices 6 8 9 9 9 9 9 On smooth wall 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 Above seawater In crevices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not in crevices 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Submerged (the only one required others are extra) 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 Experiment 7: Light Dark Time/hr 1 2 6 24 32 48 56 1 2 6 24 32 48 56 0-3cm 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3-6cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 6-9cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 9-12cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 12-15cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 3 15-18cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 18-21cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21-24cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 24-27cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 27-30cm (top) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 Discussion The results were organized in the form of tables usually with length in movement or number of snails against time. In the first experiment, habitat preference was tested. Rough gravel and fine/coarse sand are the typical supralittoral substrates and snails may have a preference to one and not the other. As observed from the table up to the first few hours, no movement was noted. On the sixth hour a single snail had changed substrate from the fine sand onto the gravel. At the end of the experiment two of the 3 snails placed on the fine sand had moved onto the gravel or coarse sand and one from the coarse sand had moved onto the gravel as well. This indicates that the organisms somewhat dislike a loose substrate such as the fine sand (only 2 remained) but prefer rough gravel (5 snails remained). The coarse sand was somewhat in between the two with 4 snails remaining. This is the expected result as these organisms are found between small rocks and in crevices. The fact that not all of t he travelled to one substrate could have been due to the lack of space as with 5 or 4 snails in one section, the Petri-dish became somewhat crowded. No snails were observed to go onto the smooth Petri-dish surface and this is also explained by the fact that their habitat preference is towards rocky terrain. In the second experiment, the effect of humidity on the inactive snails was observed. In part A which consisted of the two Petri-dishes with the grid, the difference in humidity was created by using calcium chloride (anhydrous). This chemical can absorb the water present in the atmosphere creating dry conditions whilst the other had a tap with water giving the environment 100% relative humidity. In the dry dish 6% of the snails moved whilst in the wet dish, 18% of the snails moved. Although not so many snails moved the difference from dry to wet is already evident with about 3 times the snails moving in the 100% RH than the 0% RH. This shows that although it is not that strong of a stimulus, the relative humidity plays a part in the activation of the sails. In part B of experiment number two, the snails were once again exposed to an atmosphere of 100% RH, but they were also tapped on the shell after one hour and placed back for a few more minutes. The tapping seems to have some effect on the snails as unlike the 100 % RH in part A where the snails took days to move, 20% of the snails in part B after only one hour were noticed to be active (which is roughly the same amount as in part A at 100% RH). This suggests that probably the wave action on the snails combined with the high humidity (as they are wetted) are effective stimuli to activate the snails. Experiment 3 consisted of three parts. In the first part, the Petri-dish had a grid on the bottom where 16 snails were placed. In the one which contained the 1mm of sea water by the second day all the snails had moved. The period where most snails became active was between the 6th and 24th hour. This when compared to the previous experiment where only the humidity was at 100% shows that water is a much stronger activator as all the snails moved (the dry control had no noticeable movement). This would make sense as if there was wave action apart from high humidity and the mechanical force its self (both of which have shown positive results) , the snails would most likely become submersed in little pockets of sea water. Interesting to note that when as in part 3C the water used was fresh water, no snails moved up to 24 hours and only one moved just slightly over the 3 days period (probably due to humidity not the water its self). This is interesting to note. It can probably be explaine d by the fact that if it were to rain over the snails which in August or September (although rare) it might, although the snail would feel the mechanical force, be in an atmosphere of high humidity and covered in water it would not be beneficial to come out of dormancy as the environment would not yet be suitable and so it must be sea water to activate the snail as this would only come ashore from waves (indicating a suitable environment). In part B of experiment 3 the time taken for each snail to become active was noted. Prior to the experiment, they were sharply tapped. This tapping followed by the immersion in sea water instantly brought about a response from the snail which opened its operculum. This was very fast, in fact an average time of 17.5 seconds was recorded between the ten snails tested. This once again replicated wave action only a faster response was obtained due to the fact that actual sea water was used and not high humidity or tapping only (which continues to sugg est that the snail becomes active after summer during the winter storms). Up till experiment 3, sea water was known to bring about a response, the question then was (answered by experiment 4) if more water would bring about a faster reaction. Apparently this is not so as the time taken for the snails to travel a distance of 5cm up the wall of the cylinder containing 5cm of water was less than the cylinder containing 20cm of sea water. This can probably be explained by the fact that the snail is not adapted to live in deep water but it is actually semi-terrestrial only venturing into the sea to lay its eggs. Thus a higher hydrostatic pressure of 20cm would indicate an unsuitable environment and the snail will most likely remain dormant. Therefore only frequent wetting and not submerging (in more than 10cm of water) brings about a response (once again pools brought about by waves are usually not as deep as 20cm in small crevices where the snail aggregates). Experiment 5 was somewhat baffling and probably should not be considered as a representative result. Only a few snails were activated and the snails which travelled most up the cylinder were in the one not stoppered! An expected result based on the other previous experiments and knowledge of the snails habitat preference would be something as follows. Upon introducing the snails to the 3cm of seawater, they would become active and since they would be submerged find a way out which would be to climb onto the cylinders side. Since their habitat lies a fair distance from the sea, the snail should continue to climb up to a good few centimetres. The snails in the stoppered cylinder should reach the top as the high humidity indicates that they are still very close to the water and travel up as far a possible. In the open cylinder having a dryer atmosphere, the snails would probably not move up to the top as they would be under the impression that they are a fair enough distance from the se a located at the bottom. Experiment 6 was an extension of experiment 5 where the upward movement from a submerged place was tested only this time the variable was not humidity but terrain brought about by the drilled plates stuck to the sides of the tank. Again the data was not as expected so much so that the slightly different version experiment part 6B did not have the same results as A but was as expected. The reasons for experiments 5 and 6A being somewhat not accurate could be due to the errors mentioned in the sources of errors section above. If one were to follow the result brought about by experiment 6A it would be concluded that the snails prefer to remain submerged and on smooth surfaces rather than in the crevices. This of course is not the case as the snails prefer crevices in rocks as seen from experiment 1 and also in the wild these are found in crevices not submerged on smooth surfaces. In part B where the drilled plate was placed at the bottom, the snails aggregated in the pits and stayed sub merged. This would indicate that they actually do prefer crevices and pits which offer protection against the elements. The pits were submerged, but the expected result was that despite this the snails should not go out of the water. This is because they were submerged under only 1.5cm and in the wild this would be something common for a snail in a small pit to experience a few mm of sea water. So in the pits and under water the mollusc is actually in its preferred environment. Finally experiment 7 tested if the snail is photosensitive. According to the results obtained, when in light the snails (all 10 of them) became active faster (in the first hour even) and climbed a distance of 3cm, whilst in the covered cylinder half as much became active and over a longer time period. The strange thing was that in the light, the snails did not reach the top and in the dark only 1 did. Considering the high humidity in both, all the snails should have gone up to the top, the only difference (if there is) would be in the time taken. Taking into consideration all the results obtained and considering the concordant data, it is noted that the snails become active via various stimuli. In summer humidity is low and the snail would be in a crevice seeking refuge from the direct sun. When the first storms come along, the crevice the snail would be in becomes wet with sea water and very humid (a sort of micro habitat). The pounding action of the waves also has an effect on the snail. The mollusc is at home under a few centimetres of water and in fact in November to March during high tide the snail travels from its habitat to the Eulittoral zone (which is covered in water during this period of the year) and lays its eggs. The snail is affected by hydrostatic pressure (experiment 4) and so only travels a specific distance into the sea (which would be the optimum place to lay its eggs). It also detects the relative humidity and only ventures up shore a fixed distance (up to the supralittoral zone) from the sea. In this zon e lichens also grow in the winter and spring times. These are a prime source of food for the snail and may be another reason why it aestivates as in summer, this food source dries up. Conclusion Having done the experiments and observed the results, it can be concluded that there are various factors which play a part in activating the snail. Each factor affects the snail to a certain degree and the combination of all of them (humidity, mechanic wave action, sea water etc) brings about a reaction either to be inactive due to their lack or to be activated due to their presence.

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Teaching Careers Education Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy When I first came to Concord, there was no doubt that teaching would be my major. I have always been so inspired by teachers and thought that they put a lot of effort into their work. I can remember the teachers that actually reached me and touched my heart. I'll never forget them or the experience. It is so amazing how many lives a teacher must touch. A teacher has the power to reach out and make learning a memorable experience for every child. My main goal is to be a kindergarten or special education teacher. I love working with young children that don't pick up on things as quickly as the others. I love to watch their eyes light up whenever I help them realize that they can do it, too. Throughout my years of teaching, I hope to be a friend to these children. I want their first year of school to be a memorable one. I'm hoping that they will enjoy being in my class. The children in my classroom that are behind will have me working my hardest to help them catch up. It is a known fact that when young children fall behind in the early years of school, they never catch back up with their peers. That breaks my heart. Every child deserves a fair chance. Each of these students have a variety of background knowledge. Some might not have any because their parents don't work with them. Others might have parents that work with them every night. A teacher has to consider these factors when assessing their ability. The ability and actual knowledge might not balance out. I want the nature of my students to be open-minded and willing to take a chance to learn new things. This involves trust. My students will have to trust me. Whenever I give assignments they don't quite understand, I want them to feel comfortable coming to me for help. I want them to know that no matter what the problem is, I will be there. I don't want to be so intimidating that they feel afraid to ask me for help. A teacher's job is to me a mentor, but also a friend.

Listening Skill is a neglected Art Essay

In learning a particular language, we enhance the communicative language skills; the receptive skills and productive skills. Receptive skills include understanding through listening and reading. Productive skills are speaking and writing. When we learn English as a language and when we utilize this language as a tool for communication, we learn and make use of all these communication arts. But normally, people become strong in some skills and weak in others. Most of the time, Listening is considered to be a weakness. Listening is considered as a neglected art. Almost everyone can hear, but few can really listen. Many people fail to recognize the art of listening and the value of listening to acquire information. They tend to ignore the fine line that separates the distinction between the natures of passive listening and active listening. In our daily conversation with people, meetings or conferences, and formal classroom set up, listening is believed to be of paramount concern. People tend to neglect the art of listening because of the different language barriers apart from the dominant fact that people are fond of talking rather than listening. Few people can achieve understanding the essence of what has been said by a certain speaker because they have not mastered the skills necessary for listening. These language barriers include poor vocabulary to be able to comprehend what has been spoken about, lack of interest on the speaker or what we call non-egocentric pro-social behaviour which is essential on the part of both, the speaker and listener. Absence of focus or concentration which may be influenced by physical and even emotional barriers can hinder listening. Close-mindedness and over-stimulation which make a person too quick to judge because of the speaker’s accent, appearance, impression and poor delivery can also be contributing factors why listening is neglected. People tend to develop more negative listening habits rather than positive listening habits which definitely hinder listening to be able to comprehend the essentials of what has been listened to. According to K Crawford, An open ear is worth much more than an open mouth, so listen! 2. Oral communication skills are a significant factor in the acquisition of facts and in the process of learning. Oral communication skills refer to speaking and listening competencies. These are necessary to be able to participate verbally in discussions and interactions, to be able to exchange ideas and concrete information, to make clear and persuading presentations and of course to interact with a variety of audiences. These skills are utilized as we communicate with other people. These are essentials in the acquisition of facts. We learn from listening and at the same time we are able to figure out facts when we air out our thoughts and opinions through speaking. Oral communication is the ability to talk with others to give and exchange information and ideas. We acquire information when asking questions. We give information when giving directions and we exchange messages when coordinating our work tasks with others. Explaining and persuading are essentials in the process of learning especially to us as teachers. Our students learn more and easily persuaded when things are explained well. It is said that oral skills are at the very foundation of literacy. Speaking and Listening, such as in a classroom talk, help students to learn, to reflect on what they are learning, and to communicate their knowledge and understanding. Thus, oral skills are important in the process of learning. These communication skills are significant factors in acquiring information and learning. 3. What we do is far better than what we communicate basically means that we have to walk the talk not just talk the talk. An old adage says, â€Å"Actions speak louder than words†. That is so true. Benjamin Franklin advocates, â€Å"Well done is even better than well said†. According to Arnold Glasow, â€Å"An idea not coupled with action will never get any bigger than the brain cell it occupied.† These quotes elaborate the importance of the fulfilment of what has been communicated, planned, and agreed. What has been planned must be realized and executed. For instance, a lesson well planned will never be effective unless it is executed and proven. In the context of education and learning, this has something to do with the application of what has been learned and caught. As mentioned in the Domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy, Knowledge is more of a fundamental skill compared to Application. Therefore, application is far better than knowledge same thing with Cognitive domain and Psychomotor domain. Learning (cognitive) would not be as effective as expected without psychomotor skills (actions).Students may acquire information and learn facts but I believe applying these acquired information and learned facts on a real life situation is even more relevant. On the context of real life situation, actions are aid to be mirror of the mind. What a person thinks is expressed when she/he speaks. The ideas have been communicated. When we communicate with people, we can only let them know what our opinions and thoughts are, we only let them understand what we say. Persuasion has always been a question. When we communicate, we may be understood by other people but we seldom persuade their minds most especially if what we say is against or far even more opposite to what other people see from us. This explains what William Shakespeare said, â€Å"Action is Eloquence†. It is through actions where we give judgements, fulfilments and realizations to all that have been communicated. I’d like to end my response with these inspiring lines about how actions are vital in our lives. â€Å"The vision must be followed by the venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps, we must step up the stairs. â€Å"- Vance Havner,

Lines of Longitude in Geography

Lines of Longitude in Geography Longitude is the angular distance of any point on Earth measured east or west of a point on Earths surface. Where Is Zero Degrees Longitude? Unlike latitude, there is no easy point of reference such as the equator to be designated as zero degrees in the longitude system. To avoid confusion, the worlds nations have agreed that the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, will serve as that reference point and be designated as zero degrees. Because of this designation, longitude is measured in degrees west or east of the Prime Meridian. For example, 30Â °E, the line passing through eastern Africa, is an angular distance of 30Â ° east of the Prime Meridian. 30Â °W, which is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is an angular distance of 30Â ° west of the Prime Meridian. There are 180 degrees east of the Prime Meridian and coordinates are sometimes given without the designation of E or east. When this is used, a positive value represents coordinates east of the Prime Meridian. There are also 180 degrees west of the Prime Meridian and when W or west is omitted in a coordinate a negative value such as -30Â ° represents coordinates west of the Prime Meridian. The 180Â ° line is neither east nor west and approximates the International Date Line. On a map (diagram), lines of longitude are the vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole and are perpendicular to lines of latitude. Every line of longitude also crosses the equator. Because longitude lines are not parallel, they are known as meridians. Like parallels, meridians name the specific line and indicate the distance east or west of a 0Â ° line. Meridians converge at the poles and are farthest apart at the equator (about 69 miles (111 km) apart). Development and History of Longitude For centuries, mariners and explorers worked to determine their longitude in an effort to make navigation easier. Latitude was determined easily by observing the inclination of the sun or the position of known stars in the sky and calculating the angular distance from the horizon to them. Longitude could not be determined in this way because Earths rotation constantly changes the position of stars and the sun. The first person to offer a method for measuring longitude was the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. In the late 1400s, he began measuring and comparing the positions of the moon and Mars with their predicted positions over several nights at the same time (diagram). In his measurements, Vespucci calculated the angle between his location, the moon, and Mars. By doing this, Vespucci got a rough estimate of longitude. This method did not become widely used however because it relied on a specific astronomical event. Observers also needed to know the specific time and measure the moon and Mars positions on a stable viewing platform- both of which were difficult to do at sea. In the early 1600s, a new idea to measure longitude was developed when Galileo determined that it could be measured with two clocks. He said that any point on Earth took 24 hours to travel the full 360Â ° rotation of Earth. He found that if you divide 360Â ° by 24 hours, you find that a point on Earth travels 15Â ° of longitude every hour. Therefore, with an accurate clock at sea, a comparison of two clocks would determine longitude. One clock would be at the home port and the other on the ship. The clock on the ship would need to be reset to local noon each day. The time difference would then indicate the longitudinal difference traveled as one hour represented a 15Â ° change in longitude. Shortly thereafter, there were several attempts to make a clock that could accurately tell time on the unstable deck of a ship. In 1728, clockmaker John Harrison began working on the problem and in 1760, he produced the first marine chronometer called Number 4. In 1761, the chronometer was tested and determined to be accurate, officially making it possible to measure longitude on land and at sea. Measuring Longitude Today Today, longitude is more accurately measured with atomic clocks and satellites. The Earth is still divided equally into 360Â ° of longitude with 180Â ° being east of the Prime Meridian and 180Â ° west. Longitudinal coordinates are divided into degrees, minutes and seconds with 60 minutes making up a degree and 60 seconds comprising a minute. For example, Beijing, Chinas longitude is 116Â °2330E. The 116Â ° indicates that it lies near the 116th meridian while the minutes and seconds indicate just how close it is to that line. The E indicates that it is that distance east of the Prime Meridian. Although less common, longitude can also be written in decimal degrees. Beijings location in this format is 116.391Â °. In addition to the Prime Meridian, which is the 0Â ° mark in todays longitudinal system, the International Date Line is also an important marker. It is the 180Â ° meridian on the opposite side of the Earth and is where the eastern and western hemispheres meet. It also marks the place where each day officially begins. At the International Date Line, the west side of the line is always one day ahead of the east side, no matter what time of day it is when the line is crossed. This is because the Earth rotates east on its axis. Longitude and Latitude Lines of longitude or meridians are the vertical lines running from the South Pole to the North Pole. Lines of latitude or parallels are the horizontal lines running from the west to the east. The two cross each other at perpendicular angles and when combined as a set of coordinates they are extremely accurate in locating places on the globe. They are so accurate that they can locate cities and even buildings to within inches. For example, the Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, has a coordinate set of 27Â °1029N, 78Â °232E. To view the longitude and latitude of other places, visit the collection of Locate Places Worldwide resources on this site.

Epic Heroes Gilgamesh and Rama Essay Example

Epic Heroes Gilgamesh and Rama Essay Example Epic Heroes Gilgamesh and Rama Essay Epic Heroes Gilgamesh and Rama Essay Essay Topic: The Epic of Gilgamesh An epic hero is a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events(Dictonary.com). Two perfect examples of this definition are Rama and Gilgamesh from the ancient stories The Ramayana and The Epic of Gilgamesh. Both of these main characters share qualities that qualify them as the ideal epic hero. The first thing these two protagonists have in common they both go on long journeys and fight outward battles and discover internal amity, in the case of Gilgamesh. The second thing they have in common is they are both connected to the gods; Gilgamesh is made up of two-thirds god, and Rama is also perceived by many as the re-embody of Vishnu, a Hindu god. The last way these two characters are similar is the two represent their time era and culture which they are written. Even though Gilgamesh and Rama are similar in ways, some circumstances contrast between their stories. These contrasting characteristics include their journeys, what they are seeking, and the cultures values that they represent. In The Ramayana Rama was forced to go on his quest by his father and his wishes. His father banished Rama to the woods because his stepmother wanted to see her son rule and knew that Rama was to become king when his father retired from the throne. The king ultimately kept his word to grant her any wish she wanted and complied with her requests by banishing Rama to the woods for fourteen years. Rama accepted the ruling willingly with no question by saying to his stepmother after she told him the news, My realm and wealth, mine own dear life, Unasked I fain would yield them all: More gladly at my father’s call (â€Å"The Ramayana of Valmiki† 7).His willingness to obey is father and give up everything shows his respect to his family and authority. Ramas response reveals the reason why Rama is so influential to the Indian culture, and what makes him a hero, it was because he lived hi

Promot Sleep in ICU Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Promot Sleep in ICU - Research Paper Example When the patients were admitted at the CCU, their nocturnal sleep time was 6.6. ± 1.1 hours. However, after the use of eye masks, the quality of sleep in terms of effectiveness and disturbance significantly increased (p This study was conducted to examine the effects of eye masks on the quality of sleep of patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. The study was fronted as a result of the reduction in sleep quality in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. The study was conducted on sixty patients admitted in two separate coronary care units in Baqiyatallah Hospital based in Tehran (Daneshmandi, Neiseh, SadeghiShermeh, & Ebadi, 2012). The patients were selected by sampling method and randomly assigned to either the case or the control group. The case group was provided with eye masks and their sleep quality was measured using the Petersburg sleep quality index. The obtained data was later analyzed by independent T-test, paired T-test, SPSS software version 19 and Spearman and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (Daneshmandi et al., 2012). The results revealed that the quality of sleep of the case group decreased significantly, whereas the quality of sleep in the control gr oup increased. This led to the conclusion that using eye masks at night is an uncomplicated and cheap method for improving sleep quality in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. This study was conducted to examine the effects of eye masks and ear plugs in helping patients exposed to light and noise when in critical care environment. Sixty four patients undergoing treatment in cardiothoracic critical care unit agreed to take part in the study

Analysis a story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis a story - Essay Example By using these elements, the author successfully shows that clinging to one’s past experiences and traditions is a major obstacle to achieving our future dreams and aspirations. By focusing the characters, plot, setting and style, the paper will show how the story successfully brings out this point. A person’s surrounding, friends and family, routine, emotions and the inability to take action make it difficult to leave the past and pursue a better future elsewhere. Our traditional setting and environments prevent us from exploring better alternatives elsewhere. Setting is one of the elements of fiction used by the author to bring out the main ideas in the story. This setting had a great influence on Eveline’s life since she had become accustomed to it. The physical setting of the story is Eveline’s room and the field. The plot moves from the window to the field and then back to the room. For instance, at the beginning of the story, the author states that Eveline â€Å"looked round the room† and was â€Å"reviewing all its familiar objects† (Joyce, 29). Through the setting of the story, the author is able to highlight how familiar surroundings make us resistant to change. The story shows that Eveline was looking at the people and objects she had become familiar with, and this made it harder for her to live with her lover. Through the setting, the author shows how human decisions about the future are tied to the objec ts and people around him. It is hard for a person to live his or her familiar environment however good or bad it is. Secondly, the choice of characters used in the story further shows the conflicting emotions people have when choosing between a life rooted in the past and the possibility of a new better life elsewhere. Eveline, who is the main character in the story, is shown to be confused and undecided. For example, at